全球定位系统(GPS)

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接收器自主完整性监测器

接收器自主完整性监测器 is a form of integrity monitoring performed within the avionics themselves. 它确保可用的卫星信号满足给定飞行阶段的完整性要求. 通过比较一些卫星的距离测量结果, raaim功能可以识别卫星故障并向飞行员发出警报. 没有raaim能力，飞行员无法保证GPS位置的准确性. A minimum of five satellites is required to detect a bad satellite; at least six satellites are required to detect and exclude a bad satellite from the navigation solution if your receiver has a fault detection and exclusion (FDE) RAIM algorithm. GPS接收器也应该告诉你当它的raaim功能不可用, 在当前的时间/位置和任何选定的未来时间/位置. 您可以通过NOTAM系统获得关于卫星中断的信息, however the effect of an outage on the intended operation cannot be determined unless the pilot has a RAIM availability prediction program which allows excluding a satellite which is predicted to be out of service.

如果你使用GPS飞进近，并且在最后进近航路点之前收到raaim通告, 您可能没有足够的准确性来完成该方法.

您可以通过NOTAM系统获得关于卫星中断的信息, however the effect of an outage on the intended operation cannot be determined unless the pilot has a RAIM availability prediction program which allows excluding a satellite which is predicted to be out of service.
查看FAA接收器自主完整性监测(raaim)预测网站

卫星增强系统

The 卫星增强系统 is an augment to the 全球定位系统(GPS) to enhance the accuracy and reliability of position estimates. 美国.S. version of the 卫星增强系统 has traditionally been referred to as the Wide Area Augmentation System. WAAS几乎覆盖了美国的所有地区.S. 国家空域系统(NAS). 修正信息由地球同步通信卫星广播. WAAS允许GPS作为从起飞到I类精确进近的主要导航手段. WAAS广播信息将GPS信号的精度从100米提高到大约7米.

查看FAA关于卫星增强系统的信息

地基增强系统(GBAS)

The 地基增强系统(GBAS) is an augment the 全球定位系统(GPS) to improve aircraft safety during airport approaches and landings. 美国.S. version of the 地基增强系统(GBAS) has traditionally been referred to as the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS). 世界范围内已经采用GBAS作为这类导航系统的官方术语. 与国际术语一致, FAA也采用了GBAS这个术语，以与国际社会保持一致. GBAS is a ground-based augmentation to GPS that focuses its service on the airport area (approximately a 20-30 mile radius) for precision approach, departure procedures, and terminal area operations. 它通过地面发射机的甚高频(VHF)无线电数据链广播改正信息. GBAS将产生极高的精度, availability, 以及第一类所需的诚信, II, and III precision approaches, 并将提供灵活的能力, curved approach paths. GBAS显示，在水平和垂直轴上的精度都小于1米.

查看联邦航空局的地面增强系统信息